Discuss Jane Austen’s presentation of the theme of marriage in Pride & Prejudice Essay

â€Å"It is the truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.† The opening sentence in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice is so important given the social context and the notion of marriage at that time: it was the one fundamental purpose of most girls to marry. Moreover, the motives and the attitudes towards marriage were far more complex in the 19th century than nowadays since love marriages were rare and marrying for ‘advantages’ were the obvious. Jane Austen explores all the different outlooks on marriage through the characters and reveals her views towards marriage by the consequence of each type of marriage. The novel is quite clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and follows the ‘love conquers all’ platitude, however- still manages to be quite enjoyable read due to all the drama and upheaval concerning marriage. The novel, which tells the story of a commonplace 19th century family whose 3 daughter came ‘of age’ and therefore were in search for a suitable husband. Furthermore, the sense of drama is heightened by the fact the aging alpha-male of the Bennet family was unfortunate to bear only daughters and could therefore not pass on his belongings- including the property he and his family lived in to either his wife or his children as the law stated woman were unable to inherit. Therefore, everything the Bennet family owned would be given to Mr. Collins- a cousin of Mr. Bennets’. Mrs. Bennet is well aware of this and therefore has made it the main business of her life to get her daughters married. She herself has married Mr. Bennet for advantages as she was born poor and managed to ensnare him with her good looks. Consequently, she believes it’s highly likely her daughters will have the same good fortune, and as Mr. Bennet was getting older, her determination to marry her daughters off to rich men became stronger. Along with Mrs. Bennet’s determination, the pressure increased for her daughters to â€Å"secure† a man sufficient enough to please Mrs. Bennets views. Jane austen presents the theme of marriage as a comprehensive one, since she presents each character with a different view of marriage. I will compare the different views towards marriage in the novel and discuss Jane Austen’s presentation of the theme of marriage in the novel Pride & Prejudice in this essay. Enhancing the amount of money, the class of social connections, security and social status seem to be the grounds on which the ill-fated marriage of Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins are established. Charlotte Lucas is introduced as an ‘intelligent, twenty-seven year old woman whom concerned her family as they were scared she would die â€Å"an old maid.† Even though Charlotte knows she will never love Mr. Collins, she would much rather marry him than be a cause of embarrassment to her family due to her life-long bachelorhood. She believes â€Å"love is not a necessity and financial ambitions should be the main priority for a woman†, as it increases not only the wealth of the woman in question- it also increases the importunacy of her voice- essentially making them more powerful and prone to change. Furthermore, there are several quotes to back up her argument including. Otherwise the other woman thought flirtatious behaviour and humongous booby muscles did the trick. Furthermore, there are several devious competitors whom love in repetition of all sorts off material find it hard to believe that there are several cases of weird and odd behaviour created by an environment of hard parents giving daughters evil looks in order to keep her in check. Also, they’ll stretch the time of their appearance downstairs in order to find that perfect balance of animism and scrim. Furthermore, they find themselves so perfect and deem their voice as an alpha voice with steps pounding with such verbosity it shakes even the soft padded couch imp sitting on! It is scary, it is wild, it is my father. He is not so nice and honest. However, I find it irrational he has to find his stay downstairs and pray downstairs because of all the trouble he has to go through going up the furthermore, there are several objects of admiration staying up at night merely to control a daughter is too cautious behaviour implying an untrustworthy presence of an ordering and a sophisticated alpha male in the presence of an untrustworthy.

How important is it that Othello is black?

Othello's race and colour are explored in the play, especially in terms of his interracial marriage with Desdemona and therefore are very important and significant. The play ‘Othello' generates dichotomy views on the issue of race at that time and the different confrontations of it allow us to acquire a perspective on Elizabethan attitudes as well as to consider our own argument. One could argue against the importance of Othello's colour like A.C. Bradley who introduced a contention, which acquaints us with such an argument. However, even though Bradley's aspiration to respond to race in a humane manner is hesitant, it is reasoned as he focuses on character and motivation. Bradley fails to observe the racial issue a very significant one and considers it to be: ‘unimportant in regard to the essentials of Othello's character.' He does not find Othello's colour damaging to his dignity either: ‘He comes before us, dark and grand, with a light upon him from the sun where he was born' and recalls that in his view an Englishman would have been as much a victim as this Moor in these circumstances. An interesting issue that many critics debate about is Othello's precise ethnic origins, taking great pains to prove that Othello would have been Arabic in appearance. What Bradley explains on this issue is: â€Å"Perhaps if we saw Othello coal-black with the bodily eye, the aversion of our blood†¦would overpower our imagination†. He most probably had in mind a very dark skinned African Othello, which he argues would be inappropriate for the play. A further argument against the importance of Othello's race could be seen from Jane Adamson who recalls nothing on the debate about the exact shade of Othello's skin, apart from the fact that it is absurd. She assumes that the significance of race in the play: â€Å"has usually been over-emphasised by 20th century critics and producers†. I too agree with her acuity of the matter and furthermore stress to highlight the unsuitable overemphasis on the aspect of Othello's skin colour because other elements in the play such as the tragedy of the play are being isolated. On the basis of being against the importance of Othello's colour and race, it could be argued that Shakespeare presented a black hero instead of a white one to introduce the idea of difference or simply included it as a stage decoration, and from Bradley's point of view if anyone congratulated Shakespeare on the â€Å"accuracy of his racial psychology† – he would have laughed! It is also fair to argue that Othello's race is a very important and crucial issue that many would say interferes with the ethics of the Elizabethan principles at that time, but some chose to find justifications in order to come to terms with Othello, his race and his presence in the play. In his criticism Calderwood focuses on Othello as an extreme outsider amongst the Venetians: â€Å"Moors were simply outsiders, the other who is not like us† however he concludes by awarding Othello his acceptance due to Othello's Christianity. Throughout his criticism Calderwood does not stop supporting the idea of Othello being an outsider, by calling him a ‘sub-human' and emphasising his Moorish and demonic qualities by stating that the Venetian people were ‘honest citizens' and Othello was a ‘deceitful infidel' who was more closely related to animals and the ‘Prince of Darkness'. Nevertheless Calderwood contradicts himself as he jumps from criticising Othello about his race to excusing his dislocation in Venice by accepting the Moor based on his Christianity and his similarity with the Venetians in religion and affirmative actions. Calderwood goes on to reinforce his viewpoint by saying that with his new Christian attitude and lifestyle Othello essentially belongs in Venice â€Å"because he is newly washed in the Blood of the Lamb† and he is not actually an evil enemy amongst honest citizens. He also insists that although Othello is from a different race that comes with many negative associations as well as that he was a former ‘infidel', he should be accepted based on his positive Christian characteristics. Bearing in mind the argument put forward by Calderwood, it is necessary to consider the subsequent viewpoint: Could it be argued that perhaps due to the criticisms, needless and false comments from different characters like Iago on the subject of Othello's race and his marriage to Desdemona a negative transition occurs from a noble Christian to a traditional black Moor? The pressures of Othello's marriage and the negative reactions of those around him do add to his downfall, all of which race is a major factor of, and that underlines the importance of Othello's race in the play. Calderwood set up Othello as a terrific monster, and attempted to renovate him as a Christian, who was worthy of being accepted into his surroundings, however in my opinion, in attempt to explain why he feels Othello deserved the acceptance because of his Christianity, Calderwood's contention is unconvincing but interesting as its an intriguing justification for such a important question of matter in the play as ‘race'. It is difficult to settle on one aspect of the dispute as the contentions introduced by Bradley, Adamson and Calderwood seem to evolve into an assumption against the importance of Othello's colour and race. I must however stress to extend the argument in favour of the importance of Othello's race and colour. All criticism of the marriage is based solely on ‘racial considerations' and this provokes characters to turn against Othello. At the beginning of the play Othello sees himself as worthy of Desdemona's love and his self-perception is that of equality with Desdemona. He accentuates this when he says: ‘She had eyes and chose me' (III.3.192). Othello begins as a respectable Christian general, however, with extensive criticism such as Brabantio's, Othello loses confidence and becomes easily persuaded by Iago who views Othello as a ‘violently jealous fool like all Africans' and ‘a lascivious moor' (I.1.125). With his insight on the nature of Othello, Iago's menacing and insidious racism deteriorates throughout the play and causes the obliteration of the black and white harmony that existed before and causes Othello to behave in an artificial way setting him into an utterly destructive fury that destroys himself and his marriage. When Iago annihilates Othello's positive perception of Desdemona, Othello starts to feel the threat towards his honour and articulates his anger by speaking of his colour in a cynical way: â€Å"Her name, that was as fresh as Dian's visage, is now begrimed and black as mine own face† (III.3.389-91). It is a good example to show how Othello's unawareness of the significance of his race changed by Iago's racism and cruel intentions, turned him into a completely different person, conscious of his displacement and Desdemona's infidelity. Desdemona alone has always acknowledged Othello's inner worth: ‘I saw Othello's visage in his mind' (I.3.252), and even when his morality was concealed she preserved her vision: ‘†¦his unkindness may defeat my life, but never taint my love' (IV.2.162). She is unswervingly loyal to Othello and even when she dies, she declares her love for the inner, obscured Othello, saying: ‘Commend me to my kind lord' (V.2.126). Desdemona identifies her husband's jealousy as ignorable and continues to give him her love to the fullest extent: ‘†¦my love doth so approve him, that his stubbornness, his checks and frowns †¦have grace in them' (IV.3.19). Considering the controversial notions, it is also crucial to analyse attitudes to race in the Elizabethan era, as historicist or Elizabethan attitudes to race in the 16th century were very different to the attitudes now. One could argue that Othello's race, being black in colour, had a shock value effect on Shakespeare's audience. To the Elizabethans Othello's skin colour would not only have displayed a ‘visual ugliness', but moral inequalities. His interracial marriage with Desdemona – a white female, also added to the antipathy of the audience, but also to their interest and excitement as it could be seen that the contrast in their skin colours would in fact provide the exciting theme of forbidden love, but it is the subplot which indicates the threatening atmosphere of hate and distrust in the play. In Vaughn's argument, the critic's focus is on the reaction of the Elizabethan audience towards Othello. She states that Othello's dark race proved to be â€Å"visually significant to the reaction of the audience† and that his physical nature gives visual evidence of him not belonging to his Venetian surroundings. Vaughn reveals that Elizabethans were fascinated by Othello's experiences and related his black colour with â€Å"negation, dirt, sin and death†. His explorations and adventures also contributed to his ‘otherness' and his ‘foreignness' with the connections to ‘nakedness, savagery, and general immorality'. It is true to say that at that period of time the Elizabethans would recognize having black skin as having satanic qualities and perversion, and would link the vilest qualities to African and Moorish people. I believe that the Elizabethan audience could have been appalled by the joining of such ‘contrasting figures' and probably viewed Othello's blackness as being associated with dirt, filth, and the devil as in the Elizabethan mind Othello's race proved him inferior and unworthy of Desdemona and all her positive Venetian qualities. Whereas in modern day criticisms, such a matter would not be concerned as an issue worthy debating about, because ethnic groups became very accepted in England and the different approaches to the issue of race help us acquire different interpretations. Elizabethan environment at the time of the play was tense and the generalizations that were made during that time. Her observation on these generalizations helped to clarify and explain the stereotypes made during the play. Despite the insight into the reaction and thoughts of the Shakespearean audience, the article tended to be repetitive by restating the negative qualities that were associated with Othello's race instead of explaining why they were associated with one another. Concluding could it be argued that Shakespeare made Othello black in order to explore dislocation along with opposition and the consequences of such issues? It would be inconsiderate to ignore the importance of Othello's race in the play because it is most definitely a significant matter. In order to slightly captivate his audience, Shakespeare could have easily added a slight feature in Othello's complexion to add the foreign affect that would be enough, or he could have even made him completely white, nonetheless Shakespeare insisted upon the blackness of Othello as otherwise there wouldn't be the mention to intentionally repellent imagery.

Smart Car

‘ Case 10-2) 1 The Smart Car In 1991, Nicolas Hayek, chairman of Swatch, announced an agreement with Volkswagen to develop a battery-powered â€Å"Swatch car. † At the time, Hayek said his goal was to build â€Å"an ecologically inoffensive, highquality city car for two people† that would sell for about $6,400. The Swatchmobile concept was based on Hayek's conviction that consumers become emotionally attached to cars just as they do to watches. Like the Swatch, the Swatchmobile (officially named â€Å"Smart†) was designed to be affordable, durable, and stylish. Early on,Hayek noted that safety would be another key selling point, declaring, â€Å"This car will have the crash security of a Mercedes. † Composite exterior panels mounted on a cage like body frame would allow owners to change colors by switching panels. Further, Hayek envisioned a car that emitted almost no pollutants, thanks to its electric engine. The car would also be capable of gasolin epowered operation, using a highly efficient, miniaturized engine capable of achieving speeds of 80 miles per hour. Hayek predicted that worldwide sales would reach one million units, with the United States ccounting for about half the market. Some observers attributed the hoopla surrounding the Swatchmobile concept to Hayek's charismatic personality. His automotive vision was dismissed as being overly optimistic; less ambitious attempts at extending the Swatch brand name to new categories, including a brightly colored unisex clothing line, had flopped. Other products such as Swatch telephones, pagers, and sunglasses also met with lukewarm consumer acceptance. The Swatchmobile represented Hayek's attempt to pioneer a completely new market segment. Industry observers warned, oreover, that the Swatch name could be hurt i f the Smart car were plagued by recall or safety problems. In 1993, the alliance with Volkswagen was dissolved; Hayek claimed it was because of disagreement on the co ncept of the car (Volkswagen officials said low profit projections were the problem). In the spring of 1994, Hayek announced that he had lined up a new joint venture partner. The Mercedes-Benz unit of Daimler-Benz A G would invest 7 5 0 million Deutsche marks in a new factory in Hambach-Saargemuend, France. In November 1998, after several months of production delays nd repeated cost overruns, Hayek sold Swatch's remaining 19 percent stake in the venture, officially known as Micro Compact Car GmBH [MCC), to Mercedes. A spokesman indicated that Mercedes' refusal to pursue the hybrid gasoline/battery engine was the reason Swatch withdrew from the project. The decision by Mercedes executives to take full control of the venture was consistent with its strategy for leveraging its engineering skills and broadening the company's appeal beyond the luxury segment of the automobile market. As Mercedes chairman Helmut Werner said, â€Å"With the new car,Mercedes wants to combine ecology, emoti on, and intellect. † Approximately 8 0 percent of the Smart's parts are components and modules engineered by and sourced from outside suppliers and subcontractors known as â€Å"system partners. † The decision to locate the assembly plant in France disappointed German labor unions, but Mercedes executives expected to save 500 marks per car. The reason: French workers are on the i ob 2 75 days per year, while German workers average only 242 days; also, overall labor costs are 40 percent lower in France than in Germany.MCC claims that at Smart Ville, as the factory is known, only 7. 5 hours are required to complete a vehicle. This is 25 percent less time than required by the world's best automakers. The first 3 hours of the process are performed by systems partners. A Canadian company, Magna International, starts by welding the structural components, which are then painted by Eisenmann, a German company. Both operations are performed outside the central assembly hall; the body is then passed by conveyer into the main hall. There VDO, another German company, installs the instrument panel.At this point, modules and parts manufactured by Krupp-Hoesch, Bosch, Dynamit Nobel, and Ymos are delivered for assembly by MCC employees. To encourage integration of MCC employees and system partners and to underscore the need for quality, both groups share a common dining room overlooking the main assembly hall. The Smart City Coupe officially went on sale in Europe in October 1998. Sales got off to a slow start amid concerns about the vehicle's stability. That problem was solved with a sophisticated electronic package that monitors wheel slippage. Late-night TV comedians gave the odd-looking car o respect and referred to it as â€Å"a motorized ski boot† and â€Å"a backpack on wheels. † During the first quarter of 1999, the 150 Smart dealers in 19 countries in continental Europe sold a total of 8,400 cars, an average of 5 6 cars each. Thesales pictu re was brightest in the United Kingdom, where a London dealer sold 160 vehicles between the Smart launch in October 1998 and M a y 1999. The brisk sales pace in Britain was especially noteworthy because MCC was only building left-hand drive models (the United Kingdom is the only country in Europe in which right-hand drive cars are the norm).Industry observers noted that Brits' affection for the Austin Mini, a tiny vehicle that first appeared in the 1 9 60s, a ppeared to have been extended to the Smart. M C C reduced its annual sales target from 130,000 to 100,000. Robert Easton, joint chairman of DaimlerChrysler, went on record as being skeptical of the vehicle's future. In an interview with Automotive News, he said, â€Å"It's possible we'll conclude that it's a good idea but one whose time simply hasn't come. † In 2000, the Smart exceeded its revised sales target, and interest in the vehicle was growing. Wolf-GartenGmbH & Company, a German gardening equipment company, annou nced plans to convert the Smart to a lawn mower suitable for use on golf courses. A convertible and diesel-engine edition have been added to the product line. In 2001, executives at DaimlerChrysler announced plans to research the U. S. market to determine prospects for the Smart. The announcement came as Americans face steep increases in gasoline prices. Visit the Web site www. smart. com Discussion Questions 1 . Assess the U. S. market potential for the Smart. Do you think the car will be a success? Why or why not? 2.Identify other target markets where you would introduce this car. What sequence of countries would you recommend for the introduction? Sources: D n McCosh, â€Å"Get Smart: Buyers Ty to J m the Queue,† f ie New York Times a r up (March 19, 2004), p. Dl; Nicholas Foulkes â€Å"Smart S t G t Ee Smarter,† finonciol Times e e vn s (February 14-15, 2004), p W10; W Pinkston a d S o Miler, â€Å"DaimlerChrysler Se r . il n ct t es T w r ‘Smart' Debut in U . S. ,† The Woll Street Journol (August 20, 2001), pp. B 1, B4; o ad Miler, â€Å"Daimler May Roll O t Its Tiny Cr Here,† f ie Woll Street Journol (June 9, 2001), u a p.B1; Miler, â€Å"DaimlerChrysler'sSmart Cr M y Have a New Use,† f ie WollStreetlournol aa (February 15, 2001), pp. B1, B4; Haig Simonian, â€Å"Carmakers' Smart Move,† Financial Times (July 1,1997), p. 12; William Taylor, â€Å"Message a d Muscle: A Interviewwith S ac n n w th Itan Nicolm Hayek,† Horvord Business ~ eview ~ o r c h ~1993), pp. 99-1 10; Kevin ( ~ril Helliker, â€Å"Swiss Movement: Cn Wriiatch Whiz Switch Swatch Cachet to a Automobile? † a n f ie Woll Street Journal (March 4,1994), pp. A1,A3; Ferdinand Protrman, â€Å"Off the Wrist, w th n O t the Road: A S ac o Wheels,† f ie New York Times (March4,1994), p. (1. no Smart Car ‘ Case 10-2) 1 The Smart Car In 1991, Nicolas Hayek, chairman of Swatch, announced an agreement with Volkswagen to develop a battery-powered â€Å"Swatch car. † At the time, Hayek said his goal was to build â€Å"an ecologically inoffensive, highquality city car for two people† that would sell for about $6,400. The Swatchmobile concept was based on Hayek's conviction that consumers become emotionally attached to cars just as they do to watches. Like the Swatch, the Swatchmobile (officially named â€Å"Smart†) was designed to be affordable, durable, and stylish. Early on,Hayek noted that safety would be another key selling point, declaring, â€Å"This car will have the crash security of a Mercedes. † Composite exterior panels mounted on a cage like body frame would allow owners to change colors by switching panels. Further, Hayek envisioned a car that emitted almost no pollutants, thanks to its electric engine. The car would also be capable of gasolin epowered operation, using a highly efficient, miniaturized engine capable of achieving speeds of 80 miles per hour. Hayek predicted that worldwide sales would reach one million units, with the United States ccounting for about half the market. Some observers attributed the hoopla surrounding the Swatchmobile concept to Hayek's charismatic personality. His automotive vision was dismissed as being overly optimistic; less ambitious attempts at extending the Swatch brand name to new categories, including a brightly colored unisex clothing line, had flopped. Other products such as Swatch telephones, pagers, and sunglasses also met with lukewarm consumer acceptance. The Swatchmobile represented Hayek's attempt to pioneer a completely new market segment. Industry observers warned, oreover, that the Swatch name could be hurt i f the Smart car were plagued by recall or safety problems. In 1993, the alliance with Volkswagen was dissolved; Hayek claimed it was because of disagreement on the co ncept of the car (Volkswagen officials said low profit projections were the problem). In the spring of 1994, Hayek announced that he had lined up a new joint venture partner. The Mercedes-Benz unit of Daimler-Benz A G would invest 7 5 0 million Deutsche marks in a new factory in Hambach-Saargemuend, France. In November 1998, after several months of production delays nd repeated cost overruns, Hayek sold Swatch's remaining 19 percent stake in the venture, officially known as Micro Compact Car GmBH [MCC), to Mercedes. A spokesman indicated that Mercedes' refusal to pursue the hybrid gasoline/battery engine was the reason Swatch withdrew from the project. The decision by Mercedes executives to take full control of the venture was consistent with its strategy for leveraging its engineering skills and broadening the company's appeal beyond the luxury segment of the automobile market. As Mercedes chairman Helmut Werner said, â€Å"With the new car,Mercedes wants to combine ecology, emoti on, and intellect. † Approximately 8 0 percent of the Smart's parts are components and modules engineered by and sourced from outside suppliers and subcontractors known as â€Å"system partners. † The decision to locate the assembly plant in France disappointed German labor unions, but Mercedes executives expected to save 500 marks per car. The reason: French workers are on the i ob 2 75 days per year, while German workers average only 242 days; also, overall labor costs are 40 percent lower in France than in Germany.MCC claims that at Smart Ville, as the factory is known, only 7. 5 hours are required to complete a vehicle. This is 25 percent less time than required by the world's best automakers. The first 3 hours of the process are performed by systems partners. A Canadian company, Magna International, starts by welding the structural components, which are then painted by Eisenmann, a German company. Both operations are performed outside the central assembly hall; the body is then passed by conveyer into the main hall. There VDO, another German company, installs the instrument panel.At this point, modules and parts manufactured by Krupp-Hoesch, Bosch, Dynamit Nobel, and Ymos are delivered for assembly by MCC employees. To encourage integration of MCC employees and system partners and to underscore the need for quality, both groups share a common dining room overlooking the main assembly hall. The Smart City Coupe officially went on sale in Europe in October 1998. Sales got off to a slow start amid concerns about the vehicle's stability. That problem was solved with a sophisticated electronic package that monitors wheel slippage. Late-night TV comedians gave the odd-looking car o respect and referred to it as â€Å"a motorized ski boot† and â€Å"a backpack on wheels. † During the first quarter of 1999, the 150 Smart dealers in 19 countries in continental Europe sold a total of 8,400 cars, an average of 5 6 cars each. Thesales pictu re was brightest in the United Kingdom, where a London dealer sold 160 vehicles between the Smart launch in October 1998 and M a y 1999. The brisk sales pace in Britain was especially noteworthy because MCC was only building left-hand drive models (the United Kingdom is the only country in Europe in which right-hand drive cars are the norm).Industry observers noted that Brits' affection for the Austin Mini, a tiny vehicle that first appeared in the 1 9 60s, a ppeared to have been extended to the Smart. M C C reduced its annual sales target from 130,000 to 100,000. Robert Easton, joint chairman of DaimlerChrysler, went on record as being skeptical of the vehicle's future. In an interview with Automotive News, he said, â€Å"It's possible we'll conclude that it's a good idea but one whose time simply hasn't come. † In 2000, the Smart exceeded its revised sales target, and interest in the vehicle was growing. Wolf-GartenGmbH & Company, a German gardening equipment company, annou nced plans to convert the Smart to a lawn mower suitable for use on golf courses. A convertible and diesel-engine edition have been added to the product line. In 2001, executives at DaimlerChrysler announced plans to research the U. S. market to determine prospects for the Smart. The announcement came as Americans face steep increases in gasoline prices. Visit the Web site www. smart. com Discussion Questions 1 . Assess the U. S. market potential for the Smart. Do you think the car will be a success? Why or why not? 2.Identify other target markets where you would introduce this car. What sequence of countries would you recommend for the introduction? Sources: D n McCosh, â€Å"Get Smart: Buyers Ty to J m the Queue,† f ie New York Times a r up (March 19, 2004), p. Dl; Nicholas Foulkes â€Å"Smart S t G t Ee Smarter,† finonciol Times e e vn s (February 14-15, 2004), p W10; W Pinkston a d S o Miler, â€Å"DaimlerChrysler Se r . il n ct t es T w r ‘Smart' Debut in U . S. ,† The Woll Street Journol (August 20, 2001), pp. B 1, B4; o ad Miler, â€Å"Daimler May Roll O t Its Tiny Cr Here,† f ie Woll Street Journol (June 9, 2001), u a p.B1; Miler, â€Å"DaimlerChrysler'sSmart Cr M y Have a New Use,† f ie WollStreetlournol aa (February 15, 2001), pp. B1, B4; Haig Simonian, â€Å"Carmakers' Smart Move,† Financial Times (July 1,1997), p. 12; William Taylor, â€Å"Message a d Muscle: A Interviewwith S ac n n w th Itan Nicolm Hayek,† Horvord Business ~ eview ~ o r c h ~1993), pp. 99-1 10; Kevin ( ~ril Helliker, â€Å"Swiss Movement: Cn Wriiatch Whiz Switch Swatch Cachet to a Automobile? † a n f ie Woll Street Journal (March 4,1994), pp. A1,A3; Ferdinand Protrman, â€Å"Off the Wrist, w th n O t the Road: A S ac o Wheels,† f ie New York Times (March4,1994), p. (1. no

Strategic Marketing Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Marketing Managment - Essay Example An evidence of modification in strategies is that Steve Jobs introduced the idea â€Å"to transform merchandising outlets into miniature theme parks for children† (Clark, 2009). The idea has proven successful since it helped enhancing customer base. The young customers appreciated and welcomed the surprising / fascinating change in display and internal outlook of stores, which then resulted in an overall increase in number of customers that showed up at outlets for purchase of toys, games, videos and costumes. The retail segment that plays the important role in growth of Disney has become a successful and sustainable contributor to revenue streams primarily because of Jobs. In simple words, Steve Jobs has contributed to Walt Disney his experience and strategic initiatives he took at Apple, thereby turning Disney a highly profitable conglomerate. As far as the vision is concerned, it is justified to argue that Steve Jobs has encouraged the strategic planners and policy – makers of Walt Disney to take new risks for business growth and sustainable development. Nonetheless, Jobs made Disney realised the fact that risks and decisions when taken rationally and prudently always lead to expansion, consumer acceptance and competitive advantage even in a challenging environment (Clark, 2009). 2) How and to what extent are Disney’s new products planning initiatives likely to benefit from Jobs’ successes at Apple Computer? As far as the successes of Apple Computer are concerned, it should be pointed out that CEO and Board member Steve Job is the actual contributor towards the internal developments and growth in brand value of Apple. Indeed, Steve Jobs highlighted the importance of innovation and differentiation across Apple; therefore, he specifically focused on Research & Development function to produce new products such as Iphone, Ipad, Ipod, and other digital devices etc. In this way, he identified the gaps in music and entertainment industry that have been met through product and market development strategies. Apple has now become one of the major competitors of Nokia because of phenomenal growth in sales of cellular phones. Similarly, Steve Jobs could also contribute the similar experiences to Disney by identifying the gaps that exist to be utilised for media conglomerate. Jobs has already initiated the display changes in existing retail outlets and he could contribute in new product planning initiatives, especially those related to recreational activities at display centres. Nonetheless, Jobs is aware of the fact that Disney’s core target market is children (tween agers) so introduction of activities for children such as â€Å"watching film clips, pressing buttons to operate displays, chatting with animated characters and participating in karaoke contests† (Clark, 2009) will actually be quite beneficial for Disney. In this way, Jobs will have significant contribution in Disney’s product developme nt initiatives on the basis of aforementioned reasons. 3) What are the changes that may occur in Disney’s marketing strategies resulting from Jobs’ influence? According to my understanding after reading the case and information obtained from relevant magazine and newspaper articles, the appointment of Steve Jobs may

Transaction cost theory and resource-based theory to explore the Essay

Transaction cost theory and resource-based theory to explore the argument that big business has lost some of its competitive advantage in recent years - Essay Example In the context of globalisation, the ability of firms to compete their rivals has been related to their size; indeed, large firms have been often considered as having a competitive advantage towards the small and medium enterprises.Transaction cost theory and resource-based theory to explore the argument that big business has lost some of its competitive advantage in recent years.In practice, the above view seems to be invalid; more specifically, the expansion of large firms geographically is not an indication of these firm’s financial strength or highly competitiveness; on the contrary, these firms are often exposed to high operational costs and to increased risks regarding the management of their resources. The above issue is examined in this paper; the transaction cost theory and the resource-based theory are used for exploring and justifying the potential limitation of the competitive advantage of large firms in recent years. Both these theories indicate that the potential s of big businesses to compete in the global market have been limited; this outcome has many different aspects, which are explained and critically discussed used the transaction cost theory and the resource-based theory, at the level that these theories can be used for the evaluation of competitiveness of big business. The understanding of the potential role of the transaction cost theory and the resource-based theory in the identification and evaluation of the loss of competitive advantage of big business requires the reference... Through the views presented above it is made clear that the involvement of the transaction cost theory in the identification and the evaluation of the loss of competitive advantage of big business can have different aspects: a) as noted above, the transaction cost theory is based on the view that all organizational activities are based on a specific cost; therefore, the lack of funds for covering these costs would lead to the limitation of organizational activities – at the level that they cannot be fully funded by the organization; in this way, the firm involved can lose its competitive advantage towards its rivals, b) the precise estimation of costs in large firms is a challenging task; since the operations of these firms are expanded the estimation of the cost involved can be quite difficult; this problem could be effectively resolved by using the organization’s reports – in which the activities and the resources of the firm are analytically described; c) larg e firms can be differentiated from firms of other sizes in regard to its potentials to promote and support its products/ services; regarding the level of costs also, a large firm is highly differentiated from small/ medium firms; however, under certain cases, the financial status of a small/ medium firm can be quite satisfactory allowing the development of various organizational projects – which in large firm may not be feasible because of the lack of the relevant funds, d) transaction costs in large firms – as also in small/medium firms are not standardized; they may change under the influence of the market pressures; this fact could lead to the following problem: a large firm which has no financial problem might become liable to

Financial Decision - Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Decision - Making - Assignment Example For example, it would not have enough cash to pay creditors the 180,000 due in October, to pay the salaries of staff on time until perhaps January 2007 when a cash inflow of over 1 million is expected, and even to pay its promotional expenses. Note from Table 1 that the 42,000 depreciation, since it is not a cash transaction, is not included in the cash forecast as an outflow from the business during the period. The beginning cash balance includes the 30,000 in cash on 30 September 2006. The beginning and end balances reflect the cash balances at the start and end of the month. If the cash forecast showed a negative amount, how could there be a net profit at the end of the period The answer is that the Profit and Loss (P&L) Report captures the business activity during the period, which is profitable (note the gross and net profit margins of 6.3 and 4.6 percent respectively). The cost of sales includes payments for activities required to generate the sale, to which we add agents' commissions, direct (flight and hotel) and variable costs, administrative overhead, and penalties if booking target volumes of 10,000 holidays are not reached. Two cash transactions are not in the P&L because they refer to past business activities (like paying a 180,000 loan in October 2006 and the 20,000 principal for a previous loan by March 2007) or investments (fixed asset investment of 50,000 in March 2007) that will generate returns over the coming years. Loan repayments and investments in fixed assets are balance sheet transactions and not included in the P&L. The Balance Sheet as in Table 3 before adjustments on 31 March 2007 is as follows: Summary from Table 3 BALANCE SHEET 31-Mar-07 30-Sep-06 Fixed Assets 568,000 560,000 Current Assets (40,000) 30,000 Trade Creditors 0 (180,000) Loans (90,000) (110,000) Total net assets: 438,000 300,000 Share capital 100,000 100,000 Reserves 200,000 200,000 Profit and Loss 138,000 Total shareholders funds: 438,000 300,000 The balance sheet includes figures from Tables 1 and 2 and shows where profits during the 6-month period were used. The negative cash flow of 40,000 from our cash forecast is included as current assets column. This overdraft can be booked as advances from owners that need adjustments (as a current liability or additional equity). We have also added the net

Markteing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Markteing - Essay Example The company offers a wide range of products that are certainly unique and different from those offered by the other rival competitors. This company grew through different stages in its history to reach its present status. This study will attempt to analyse different strategies used by the company such as differentiation, its strategy in segmenting the market, competitive advantage as well as consumer behaviour. Recommendations will also be given in this study about what can be done by the company in order to remain a force to reckon with in terms of mobile computer technology. Apple was established in the 1976. On April 1st, Steve jobs agreed to sell only 50 Apple I personal computers to the Byte shop which was the first retail computer store chain in the America. Following this development, Apple was incorporated in 1977 when Wayne sold all his shares of the company to the Jobs and Wozniak and then the company was later renamed Apple Computer Inc. After a few years, Apple II revolutionized its operations to focus on manufacturing of personal computers. The Apple II mainly developed a personal computer market which created hundreds of millions dollars. Apple Inc was ranged to be among the Top 500 companies in America just 5 years after its establishment (Apple Inc). In the 1980’s, Apple launched two different kinds of computers namely Lisa and Macintosh. The Lisa was a commercial failure because of its software limitation and high price tag. The Macintosh was the next product to be launched and sold well at the beginning, but sales were weak in the days that later followed. The reason for failure of Macintosh was the same as Lisa which included high prices and limited software capabilities (Apple Inc). In the late 1980’s, Apple witnessed a significant decline in business as a result of wrong decisions that were made. During that time, Apple failed to satisfy at a lot of targeted customers

Critique a Paradox Market v Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critique a Paradox Market v Resources - Essay Example The focus was essentially on either the external environment of the firm or its internal capabilities of the firm define its overall competitiveness within an industry or a particular market. One perspective suggests that the markets have preferences over the resources as firms following such a perspective tend to tailor their strategies according to changes taking place in their external environment. However, on the other hand, the other perspective which emphasizes resources over the market and tend to focus on the internal capabilities of the firm. The basic argument behind the market based view of the firm level competitiveness is based on the outside in perspective. The outside in perspective basically advocates that the firms are largely driven by their external environment and all their strategies and actions are the result of external influences. What is however, important is to note that firms following such an approach are quick to adapt to the changes in their external environment and take lesser time responding to external shocks Outside In perspective also allow firms to take up the opportunities much faster than other firms and develop necessary flexibility to respond to such opportunities in the most appropriate way. It is also critical to be important to understand that a market based view also allow firms to develop abilities to anticipate the emerging changes in their target markets and allow themselves to develop strategies which potentially help them to either withstand the emerging external threats or take up opportunities. Such firms therefore tend to focus more on their customers as the key variables to decide about the potential changes to take place in the market place. (Brooks) and perform well into an environment which is more dynamic and fluid in nature. Firms following such a perspective also need to develop its ability to continuously reposition itself and if a firm has presence in many markets at the same time; it may be required to re-position it according to the market conditions prevailing in each market. Such firms, however, tend to lose sight of their distinctive competencies and rely upon less on their own individual capabilities i.e. strengths to gain the competitive advantage. As discussed above that the firms develop competencies to anticipate external environment therefore they put in place the processes for collecting market intelligence regarding their potential as well as existing competitors and customers. Such capability further allows them to integrate such information into their strategic decision making process to better position themselves into the market. (Hult and Ketchen Jr) Such inflexibility does not therefore, yield a long term competitive advantage for the firms, and they tend to be complacent by focusing on just one aspect of the competitiveness. What is also critical that the market based view can only benefit the firms if the variables

Fundamental Reasons For Lobbyist Reform Term Paper

Fundamental Reasons For Lobbyist Reform - Term Paper Example TBTF banks, GM, Chrysler, AIG, and other important American companies received aid from the Treasury in the form of stimulus money intended to address the root causes of the problem in losses stemming from the real estate melt-down. After review, it is believed that the undue lobbyist interest by the same companies that received financing from these programs, as well as from the Federal Reserve directly via Quantitative Easing, may have influenced or even corrupted the process through which legislation was written concerning their own industry. Furthermore, the same influences were also seen during the process during which the Health Care Reform was passed. These issues point to a larger cause in the need for lobbyist reform. The most fundamental reason for this is to remove the possible conflict of interest in legislation, but this issue may also be seen as protecting the greater democratic system as well as making the administration’s own work more effective in legislation and reform. 1. In the examples of the Wall St. Rescue Package, TARP, and the stimulus packages implemented to assist the economy, Time magazine reported, â€Å"the legislation, which would bring more change to Wall Street than anything else enacted since the New Deal, was a Super Bowl for lobbyists.† (Brill, 2010) In analyzing the way that lobbyists from Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Bank of America, Citi, and other TBTF banks contributed soft money to the political process to buy influence in legislation, it reflects badly on the Administration and democratic process in America, and through this, encourages the Administration to support reform of lobbyists in Washington. 2. In the example of Financial Sector reform, the same companies and others, including major leaders in the industry, finance, and banking have influenced the process unduly.

UK's over-Reliance on Deregulation and Current Economic Crisis Essay

UK's over-Reliance on Deregulation and Current Economic Crisis - Essay Example Debt accumulated in the deregulated industry of the United Kingdom through the rising acknowledgment on the amount of bad debt in the system was much bigger than that it was previously presumed to be. Sequentially, confusion arose amongst the United States financial regulators concerning the approach to be used to react to the increasing number of borrowing defaults. Reluctantly driven to make mortgage corporations Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac public, they suddenly swapped to permitting prominent investment banks Lehman Brothers to fold (Kilmister, 2008). 3. Crisis in European banking system The European banking system deteriorated into a downturn in three ways. Firstly, the intensifying tide of bad balances put the banks at risk of bankruptcy. Secondly, the clear change in the Federal Reserve policy from the previous save from bear sterns formed a panic in the inert-bank borrowing market. The United Kingdom was doubtful on which banks could withstand the bad debts and stopped the lend ing services that they offered, leading to an entire market seize up. Thirdly, stock market financial speculators also dreaded losses, hence drawing back from their shares. Bank regulation is grounded on the notion of borrowings can just be a definite amount of bank capital and such a situation is bound to go through a substantial decline in shares and ultimately reduce capital by a great extent. Bank borrowing in the European market decreased significantly ending in further risks of the stability of the financial system in the United Kingdom. While these issues were mainly experienced the US and UK only, the real estate sector shot up, and bank deregulation had been particularly strong in continental Europe....This paper aims to establish set of necessary measures, that should be taken by the government in order to to battle the ramifications of the economic Crisis in the UK. It is argued in the paper, that the level of deregulation in the monetary sectors of the UK had aggravated the economic impacts of the crisis. Financial modernization has enhanced liquidity and facilitated investors to spread risk of venturing in the financial sector through intercontinental diversification. The disadvantage of the approach is that worldwide implications of the present crisis are more reflective of past economic depressions. The spending cutbacks by the government were observed to be essential by contrasting the economies’ of United Kingdom with Greece and Ireland. Outside the Euro market, the United Kingdom faces a much superior flexibility on other financial markets apart from the bond markets. It is apparent that the objective of the government was to have the least level of state participation in the economic sector and provide subsidies that could be used to reinstate commercial and central banks to profitability positions, in anticipation of a rapid sale of the government’s ventures. The new regulatory protections rushed by the UK`s government have been implemented with the aim of preventing the outburst of another financial crisis. The new policies enacted by the governments have established an economy not ready for a financial crisis. The policies have created room for perhaps a much worse crisis in the future.

Critically analyse any two of the main international environmental Research Paper

Critically analyse any two of the main international environmental agreements treaties currently in place - Research Paper Example To protect these characteristics and the overall environment of our planet it is of extreme importance that such human activities are kept in check. To carry out such a task international environmental agreements are agreed upon, enforced and implemented in different regions around the globe. Kyoto Protocol Introduction Greenhouse gasses are rapidly becoming a concern for developed and developing countries alike. The accumulation of carbon-dioxide, produced mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, has played a major role in increasing the average global temperature and other drastic climate changes. The changing global climate conditions led developed countries into formulating the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (United Nations 2003). The Protocol identified developed countries as the main contributors to the increase in carbon-dioxide emissions. The Protocol provided binding obligations regarding Carbon-dioxide emissions produced by an industrialized country (United Nations 2003). ... Critics argue that the Protocol is flawed in a number of ways and in no way can be economically efficient or politically practical (McKibbin and Wilcoxen 2002). Till this day negotiations are being conducted regarding the implementation of the Protocol. United States refusal to ratify the Protocol could imply that Kyoto Protocol would accomplish very little in terms of its objectives. Initial evaluation of the Protocol tends to suggest that approach of the protocol may have some serious flaws (Bohringer 2003). Key issues regarding climate protection The most widely used decision making process for the assessment of a climate policy is cost-benefit analysis. Under cost benefit analysis the cost of reduction of Greenhouse Gasses is compared with the benefits of reduction in global warming. Cost benefit analysis enables an understanding of the positive and negative impacts of climate policies in terms of monetary benefits and losses (Bohringer 2003). Policies regarding global climate ch ange must take into account interests of all countries. Accurate and complete data and cost benefit analysis could be used to help determine the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that a party should reduce and by what time. However in practicality most countries only work towards the achievements of objectives that are valuable to them and neglect the needs of other countries (Bohringer 2003). Uncertainty As mentioned above cost benefit analysis is used to assess the feasibility of environmental policies and requires detailed information to arrive to any conclusion. The effects of greenhouse gasses have still not been completely understood and the causality chain of these phenomenons is complex in

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Essay Example for Free

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Essay Teen deaths for any reason are tragic losses of life and potential. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in five teenagers in the U.S. seriously considers suicide annually, and approximately 1,700 die by suicide each year. Both the CDC and the National Mental Health Association (NMHA) point out that suicide rates for teens have tripled since 1960 making it the third leading cause of adolescent death and the second cause among college students. Yet, according to the American Psychological Association, teen suicide is preventable, and they identify possible warning signs. They also note that more than 90 percent of suicide deaths are from mental illness and substance-abuse disorders. Not letting facts stand in their way, activist groups continue to claim, based on a flawed 1989 study that has been completely discredited, that 30 percent of all teens who attempt suicide are homosexuals. Instead, teen suicide reports from the major psychological and pediatric associations either do not even mention sexual identity or mention it near the bottom of a long list of other risk factors associated with teen suicide. Other teen suicide factors family breakup through divorce, alcohol or drug abuse, and family dysfunction are mentioned in all the major health organization publications as main factors in teen suicide. Research from Columbia University Medical Center, published in APAM, cites different reasons for girls and boys suicides. The researchers collected data from over 8,000 students in New York City high schools in 2005. For females, recent dating violence is a primary cause of attempted suicide. For teen males, a lifetime history of sexual assault is associated with suicide attempts. Dr. Elyse Olshen, lead researcher for the study, reported that girls who have been physically abused by a boyfriend are 60 percent more likely to attempt suicide than those who have not. For boys, sexual abuse over an extended period of time is more likely to be the determining factor for male teen suicide. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) identified the strong risk factors for teen suicide as depression, alcohol, or drug abuse and aggressive, disruptive behaviors. They also mentioned family loss, instability, and unplanned pregnancy. Suicidal teens, they reported, feel alone, hopeless, and reject ed and are especially vulnerable when they have experienced a loss, humiliation, or trauma, such as poor grades, breakup with boyfriend or  girlfriend, argument with parents, parental discord, separation, or divorce. The APA declared that 53 percent of young people who commit suicide are substance abusers. NMHA identifies feelings of anger and resentment and the inability to see beyond a temporary situation as the main factors in teen suicide attempts. KidsHealth quotes Dr. David Sheslow, a pediatric psychologist, who identifies drugs and alcohol as leading causes of suicide in teens. Further, KidsHealth reports, A teen with an adequate support network of friends, family, religious affiliations, peer groups or extracurricular activities may have an outlet to deal with his everyday frustrations. A teen without an adequate support network may feel disconnected and isolated from his family and peer groups. Its these teens who are at increased risk for suicide. Other problems identified by KidsHealth are divorce, alcoholism of a family member, domestic violence, physical and sexual abuse, repeated failures at school, substance abuse, and self-destructive behavior. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry publishes a fact sheet about teen suicide. Causes they list? Stress, confusion, self-doubt, pressure to succeed, financial uncertainty, fears about growing up, divorce, formation of a new family with step-parents and step-siblings, and moving to a new community. They clearly identify suicide feelings as a mental disorder. The American Academy of Pediatrics, in their publication about preventing teen suicide, identifies the long term impact of child abuse as the leading cause of attempted suicides among women. They emphasize the greater pressures of modern life, competition for grades and college admissions, and increased violence in the media as contributing factors. They also cite the lack of parental involvement because of divorce, parents work schedules, and limited family life. One study reported that 90 percent of suicidal teenagers believed that their families do not understand them. Viewing teen suicide through the distorted, single-vision lens of the homosexual activists puts large numbers of teens at risk. Those who insist that the problem of teen suicide is primarily among teens who struggle over their sexual identity overlook the vast majority of potential teen suicide victims those who have other emotional or psychological issues, those who abuse drugs and other substances, and especially those who have suffered sexual violence and abuse. The problems of emotionally and physically battered teens must be  faced and their minds and bodies healed; otherwise, the rate of teen suicides will continue to rise. Janice Shaw Crouse, Ph.D. is executive director and senior fellow of Concerned Women for Americas Beverly LaHaye Institute.

Impact of Pollution on Natural Resources and Health

Impact of Pollution on Natural Resources and Health Pollution in its many forms is causing increasing damaging to our natural resources and health. Pollution The result of some of todays technological advances is extreme pollution. It can be seen, heard, tasted or even smelt as we drive along our main roads, stroll along our sidewalks or even from the supposing comfort of our home. Also the very food we eat might be polluted though we may not be aware. In this essay I will be discussing the main causes and effects of air, water and noise pollution. Pollution in its many forms is causing increasing damaging to our natural resources and health and lifestyles. Carbon dioxide is one the main causes of air pollution. Even though humans exhale carbon dioxide, this gas is harmful when emitted from other sources, which are caused due to human activity. Carbon dioxide gas is used in various industries such as the oil industry and the chemical industry. The manufacturing process of most products requires the use of this gas. Also the combustion of fossil fuels and the harmful effects of deforestation have all contributed. Amongst the various gasse s emitted during a volcanic eruption, carbon dioxide remains to be at least 40% of the emission. Scientists have identified carbon dioxide as one of those elements that are contributing to global warming. When fuels are burned, some of the pollutants released are greenhouses gases. Though through the process of photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and use the carbon to grow larger. The amount of carbon dioxide released by burning fuels is much more than plants can convert. Many industrial facilities use clean water to carry away waste from their plants and dump it into rivers, lakes and oceans. Furthermore domestic households, industrial and agricultural practices produce wastewater that may cause pollution. Human infectious diseases are among the most serious effects of water pollution, especially in developing countries, where sanitation may be inadequate or non-existent. Waterborne diseases occur when parasites or other disease-causing microorganisms are transmitted via contaminated water. These include typhoid, intestinal parasites, and most of the diarrheal diseases caused by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Among the most serious parasitic diseases are amoebiasis, giardiasis, ascariasis, and hookworm. Water pollution can make fish sick and even can kill them. Humans are the biggest threat to fish. There are many ways that humans pollute waters. Some of those ways are by dumping oil, radioactive waste and trash into rivers, lakes and seas. This s ort of pollution over these years is only increasing at a staggering rate. Noise pollution from ship engines and sonar systems make it difficult for marine mammals like whales, dolphins, and porpoises to communicate, find food, and avoid hazards. Powerful sonar systems operating at certain frequencies may cause damage to marine mammals sound-sensitive internal structures, causing internal bleeding and even death. Noise pollution can cause annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects. Furthermore, stress and hypertension are the leading causes to health problems. A comparison of Maaban tribesmen, who were insignificantly exposed to transportation or industrial noise, to a typical U.S. population showed that constant exposure to moderately high levels of environmental noise contributes to hearing loss. High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects and exposure to moderately high levels during a single eight hour period causes a statistical rise in blood pressure of five to ten points and an increase in stress and vasoconstriction leading to the increased blood pressure. As this essay clearly shows air, water and noise pollution drastically affect humans and our natural habitats. So please reader think twice about dumping garbage into rivers or streams think of the long term effects of that garbage on not only you but on the fish in that stream or where that stream will run. Also what will happen when someone eats that contaminated fish or drinks the contaminated water, because It is evident that pollution in its many forms is causing increasing damaging to our natural resources and health and we as humans need to be more careful about what we do. After all it was us humans that started pollution in the first place.

Essay --

At the beginning of this century the German nation was, in all respects, one of the more civilized worlds. However, under the rule of Hitler, he came to use all their skill and strength to split support and extend a tyranny that mocked all the values of the civilization. The followers of Hitler, the Nazis, despised freedom tolerance, reasoned dialogue and simple human decency; they made use of the lie, mass hysteria and terror; they tortured, enslaved and wiped out millions of innocent people. If Hitler had won it is possible that it would have ended with the civilization in Europe and, although he died defeated, the atrocities that took place between 1933 and 1945, under Nazi rule, have been copied, too often, by others. National Socialism (or Nazism) had many points in common with fascism. However, its roots were typically German: authoritarianism and expand military of Prussian Heritage; the German romantic tradition opposed to rationalism, liberalism and democracy; various racist doctrines that Nordic peoples - the pure Aryan called - were not only physically superior to other races, but they were also their culture and morals; as well as certain philosophical doctrines, especially those of Friedrich Nietzsche, who idolized the State or uplifting worship superior individuals, which is exempted from abide by the conventional limitations. Among the theorists and planners of National Socialism was General Karl Ernst Haushofer, who exerted a great influence on the Germany foreign policy. Alfred Rosenberg, editor and leader of the Nazi party, formulated the racial theories based on the work of the writer Houston Stewart Chamberlain. The financial Hjalmar Schacht was responsible for develop and put int o practice much of the economi... ... socialist doctrine, containing in addition, propaganda techniques, and plans for the conquest of Germany and, later, Europe. Mein Kampf became the ideological foundation of National Socialism a few years later. This book, which would later give it to all German couples on their wedding day, as if was an outside of the Bible, consists of a series of rhetorical speech on a few issues such as nationalism, racism and the anti-democratic theories, together with a series of projects of future actions. This last part describes his intention to manipulate the masses by means of propaganda, always emphasizing that to achieve power, is worth everything, predicting a great global battle by the superiority of the race with a cynical frankness. Germany had to get rid of the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles; it had to attack Russia to destroy communism. The truth is that

Internet Privacy :: Essays Papers

Internet Privacy The e-commerce merchant (Tanaka, 1999). Table 1 illustrates some types of information collected by websites. Table 1 Personal Information Collected Type of Information Number of Sites1 Percent1 Personal Identifying 335 92.8% Demographic 205 56.8% Personal Identifying Only 132 36.6% Demographic Only 2 .6% Both Personal Identifying & Demographic 203 56.2% None 24 6.6% 1 Number and Percentage from base of 361 surveyed websites. Source: Georgetown Internet Privacy Policy Survey: Report to Federal Trade Commission June 1999 The consumer may feel a name or address is a small price for the item or piece of information they will receive. Usually, the consumer does not understand or take the time to find out the use of the information after placement in the websites’ database. This electronic data gathering on consumers using the Internet by e-businesses creates the demand.

Spiders Essay -- essays research papers

Spiders My essay is on spiders. I have chosen a few spiders to report about. I also have some basic info about spiders in general. Spiders comprise a large, widespread group of carnivorous arthropods. They have eight legs, can produce silk, and usually have poison glands associated with fangs. More than 30,000 species of spiders are found on every continent except Antarctica in almost every kind of terrestrial habitat and a few aquatic ones as well. Spiders range in body size from about 0.5 mm (0.02 in) to 9 cm (3.5 in). The term spider is derived from the Old English spinnan ( "to spin" ) referring to the group's use of silk. Spiders make up the order Araneae in the class Arachnida, which takes its name from the mythological character Arachne, a peasant girl who challenged the weaving skill of the goddess Athena. Arachne equaled Athena's skill in a contest, and in response to Athena's anger she hanged herself. In belated remorse Athena changed the body of Arachne into a spider and allowed her to retain her weaving skill. My first selection is the brown recluse spider. The brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) is a poisonous spider in in the United States. Its mostly found from Kansas and Missouri, south to Texas, and west to California. Found in sheltered places indoors and outdoors it is about 10 mm (.4 in.) long and has an orange-yellow body with a dark violin-shaped design on its back. Its bite isn't usually fatal to humans, the venom destroys the skin a...

Business Industry Essay

Protection is being the number one reason on why gadget accessories have been growing in a fast phase. Both small size gadget to big size gadget need protection from the harsh outside environment, and therefore many companies have been trying to solve the problem by making a suit or body protector for the gadget lover to keep their devices functional even with severe impact to the ground or other hard objects. The mobile phone accessories itself accounts for 36 billion dollar which is a very unexpected number because of the forecasted number was 20 million by the end of 2012. This proven that the industry has been performing very well that even the prediction to the real value ratio is almost doubled. The trend of using smartphone and newest laptop has taken protection of those items to the next level. High protection for expensive gadget is very important nowadays, this is proven by the amount of money people spent on having the best protection for their devices. There are 2 types o n consumers in this business, people who actually put accessories on their smartphone to add esthetic value to their gadget and people who buy accessories for the protection of their gadget. This trend is supported by several studies that shown people who have gadget spent more than 55 dollars alone for the accessories. Smartphone industry is very popular among the age group of 18-44 and therefore the accessories come along with the age group of people who have smartphone. This research is done and concluded with more than 55% of the age group have smart phone. Otterbox Otterbox is a private company which is founded in 1998. It has been producing the protection for gadget ever since. Otterbox is headquartered in Fort Collins, Colorado and it’s trademark is to build a waterproof electronic cases for mobile devices. Otterbox product lines are mainly focus on the protection of the product and not focused on the esthetic side of the product. Functionality has been the front line of the product. Mainly it is as waterproof boxes and device-specific smartphone and tablet cases designed for outdoor enthusiast. Unique selling point Over the years, Otterbox has earned a reputation for the best protection for portable devices which offer high impact protection, water protection, etc. The Otterbox premium feature is offered by the premium price that comes along with it. Leaving its competitor behind, Otterbox sells their product from a competitive price of $25 to a whopping $70 for the defender series that offer the best protection for portable devices. Target Market Otterbox targets mainly on outdoor enthusiast who usually go out to rough terrains. Given the product main unique selling point of protection, Otterbox can relieve the fear of destroying their devices during their activity outside. SWOT Strength| Weakness| Strong brand nameDiversified ProductsStrong logistic| Lack of promotion| Opportunities| Threat| Growing market of smartphone| Intense competitionImitation start coming to the market| Strength Strong brand name People who know Otterbox know that the product is a very high quality product. The customers know that they are getting what they paid for. Even though Otterbox release a new product line, the customers will already know that the product will offer protection like no other brand. Diversified Products: The product lines of Otterbox varies from small smartphone to big smartphone even tablet, and therefore customers find it is nice to have the protective case that made specifically for that type of device that they have. Strong Logistic: It is easy to find Otterbox all over the world. Otterbox have channel distribution almost all over the world with the main phone accessories distributor in that country and therefore, getting our hand on Otterbox is relatively easy. Weakness: Lack of promotion People who know Otterbox know that it is a good product, but a lot of people don’t know Otterbox because their lack of promotion compared to other brand such as Targus. Opportunities: Growing market of Smart phone As it is described in the market Industry analysis, the market has been growing unexpectedly high compared to the forecast, and therefore by using this opportunity, Otterbox can boost up the sale of their product alongside with the growing industry market. Threats Intense competition: Competition has been very tough and it is not getting easier for Thule, more companies are coming to step in to the way in the protective case market. Fierce competition is on the eyesight and newcomers such as Balistic, Hardcore, and Casemate Imitation comes to the market Even though it is still hard to get, imitation has been swarming the market because Otterbox such a good product. However, if Otterbox just let it go, the problem will get much bigger and imitation could cannibalize the real product. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. https://www.abiresearch.com/press/accessories-get-smarter-as-smartphones-drive-more- [ 2 ]. http://velositor.com/2012/03/14/smartphone-accessories-market-growing-while-feature-phone-accessories-market-forecasted-to-decline/ [ 3 ]. http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/newswire/2012/survey-new-u-s-smartphone-growth-by-age-and-income.html [ 4 ]. http://www.inc.com/inc5000/201109/otterbox-curt-richardson-how-i-reinvented-m

Developments in Management and Organizational Thinking

Strategy has been delimit as the pattern of organizational moves and animal trainerial approaches use to give organizational objectives and to pursue the organizations deputation (Thompson and Strickland, 1990). Current models of strategic steering give nonice be traced to the counseling in which dodging it was defined and applied to chore (Chandler, 1962) the termination of the basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of courses of treat and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals.Chandler set cardinal p wiles of the strategic make for, cooking and implementation, k at one timen as strategic management. Thus, schema refers to the delegacy a hard uses to attain its ends. Fundamental to e very(prenominal) firms mission and matched dodging is its appraise system. Generically, a pry outline is the pattern of decisions and actions that comprise the firms general approach toward providing realizable displ ace repute to guests. A value schema in and of itself involves all parts of a firms operating(a) and organizational strategies that give value agnize by customers or need consecrates by customers.As due to excessive competition, firms mustiness chip in a value outline that must yield completely conceptualized and obviously articulated value as the basis for competing. In fact, numerous firms ar more competitor-oriented than customer-oriented. Consequently, galore(postnominal) managers atomic number 18 more nearly-known with their firms belligerent outline than its strategy for improving customer value. Several inadvertently compromise crystallise customer value either by producing overlaps/services supposed to be of disordered woodland or by requiring exceptionally mellowed sacrifices of customers.Paradoxically, the more or little(prenominal) competitive firms be the customer- oriented, not the competitor-oriented firms. Customer-oriented firms argon virt ually control by value-based strategies. Given a defined set of value expectations, a value-based strategy is that pattern of decisions and actions in which managers take function for (1) delivering crossways/services that bid shell net value, and (2) creating strategic suprasystems to develop that value and play the obligations of the enterprise.Most basically, value-based strategies atomic number 18 customer oriented championship-level strategies aimed at giving best net value. Value-based strategy should not be conf utilize with generic cajolee strategy. The basic generic strategies of low greet, specialization, and guidance (Porter, 1980) argon the three approximately perfect examples of producer based, value-added strategies (Porter, 1985), that they are not customer value-based strategies. Each of the three is more competitor-oriented than customer-oriented. Each strategy stooge be pursued with no assertion of providing best net value.While low terms and not e are typically seen as mutually exclusive (Porter, 1985), a value-based strategy whitethorn need and foregather two. Since m some(prenominal) customers now count time rather than dollar sign salute as their virtually cunning asset, a high-quality strategy gives secondary competitive advantage unless it is paired with low make up (i. e. , low set and/or sacrifice reduction). Similarly, low-cost/price strategies sens also fail if they are not complemented with quality supposed to be of sufficient value.The synergetic combination of low cost and differentiation that squeeze out come with a value-based strategy is a direct effect of managing unfavorable systems that put in to value. As the globalizing piece is shifting the nature and needs of organizations by requiring them to be more quickly antiphonary to developing circumstances. The merged planners of the 1960s and mid-seventies were much concerned with issues such as the market and macroeconomic environment, t he product portfolio, and the product life cycle. All of these underline characteristics of fabrication or sector and market.They leaned to underplay the routine of competitors and competitive behavior in influencing outcomes (Ghoshal and Westrey 1993). certainly, it is free common to see plans which base charter process on forecasts of the market, or to flush across industries in which each individual firm extrapolates its own experience to give chiefly results which anyone knows are inept of realization. Having reviewed the stemma environment and its competitive position, the firm should go on to make its strategy rather go for grizzly strategy.The rationa gist school sees the translation of the objectives of the firm as the notice section in strategy homework. That view, which owes much to the go on influence of Drucker on management thought, is in itself comparatively uncontroversial, but the subject of considerable operational difficulty. There are both dis tinct historical phases in the growing of thought on unified strategy. Until the first 1980s, the primary aim of incorporate strategy was the formation of a diversified line of business portfolio.such(prenominal) a portfolio might include link up diversificationmotivated by synergism between honest-to-god and revolutionary-made businesses and uncorrelated diversification supported by portfolio supply techniques. except by the early 1980s, point had accrued that unrelated diversification added wee value and several of the amasss created in these sooner decades had succumbed to financial pressures. In development old strategies by formulating new ways guide firms to focus on the searing impressiveness of market share.Emphasis on competitive issues, the superior market position was seen as a central element in strategic decision-making. Quality, it was professed, had been a key ingredient in Japanese success. Over time most markets moved up the quality spectrum. W ith the encourage of phrases such as quality is free (Crosby, 1979) bestow quality management became a preoccupation of the later(prenominal) 1980s. Many authors offered taxonomies of generic strategieschecklists from which corporations could choose the majority relevant objectives for particular markets. iodin early list was proposed by Ansoff (1965), who recognized market penetration, product development, market development, and diversification as option strategic objectives. The Boston Consulting Groups alternatives are invest, hold, harvest, divest, and Arthur D. lesser offers a list of no less than twenty-four strategic options (Jackson, Hitt, DeNisi, 2003). Porter (1980) taxonomy of generic strategies proved particularly influential. Porters (1980) five issuesof competition, en see, substitution, suppliers, and customersoffered a more comprehensive checklist of environmental factors (Porter, 1980).Moreover, In Porters fabric at that place are two dimensions of choice. Firms tin trail either cost leadershipthe same product as competitors but at lower costor differentiation. They can range hardly, or wide-eyedly, thus generating a range of alternatives include cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. Today, a debate on the content of the corporate mission is a widespread starting-point for a discussion of strategy. Such a disputation can run objectives in both corporate and business strategy.The mission statement is planned to provide a link between the broad objectives of the firm (which whitethorn focus whole on profit maximization, or whitethorn state concern for other stakeholders) and its ad hoc commercial activities. A rather divers(prenominal) critique of these processes of rationalist strategy formulationyet one still very much within the rationalist exampleis given by the shareowner value movement. As with numerous shifts in opinion about strategy, this is found more or less simultaneously in the thinking of practitioners a nd the writings of business school academics.American business was stunned by the emergence of a group of corporate r instigateers. Figures like T. Boone Pickens and the partners of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, with little in the way of resources of their own, but with the aid of the junk bond financing pioneered by Michael Milken, could make convincing bids for virtually of the largest corporations in the joined States. This threat to incumbent managers led to perceptive re-emphasis on major companies concerns for shareholder value.Academics (Day, Georges, and robin redbreast Wensley 1988) were led to explicate and comelyify it, providing both a critique of accounting cabbage as a focus of corporate attention and a rationale of the domain benefits of restricted focus on the interests of shareholders. The most significant practical consequence of this exertion was to give further impulsion to the break-up of conglomerate firms. The grouping of discrete businesses tended, it was a rgued, to conceal the possible strategic value of individual utensil to specific purchasers.That message for corporate strategy was obvious, but for business strategy shareholder value had some clear implications. Proponents hard put the need to evaluate investment and acquisitions by reference to their probable cash flowsbut this is a theme familiar from every elementary text in corporate financeand texts on strategy in a shareholder value framework (Weinrauch, Donald 1986) do no more than position Rappaports critique with Porters taxonomies of competitive forces and generic strategies.The new way of this strategy spectrum is that the state of the art in rationalist strategy can entail the formulation of a statement of connection objectives, often summarized in a mission statement and encompassing both corporate strategic objectives-what sort of business are we inwith business strategic objectives-expressed in terms of plans for market share, product quality, and geographic s cope. It is not astounding that attention is abject from the problems of formulating strategy to issues of implementation.The idea that successful strategies are often opportunistic and adaptive, rather than cypher and planned, is a view as old as the subject of business strategy itself. The adaptive strategies of reacting to the seasonal fluctuations of lease are actually important. The operations manager should try to accommodate whatever seasonality remains as cheaply as possible. Each theatrical role of adaptive strategy go away claim cost beyond what the keep company could achieve if demand were smooth.Thus, it is up to the operations manager to get the strategy or unite of strategies that will diminish this extra cost. One strategy for accepting the seasonal demands is just to ignore them and to produce at a constant rate throughout the year. By concuring a balanced labor force, the company will help to sustain full relations with organized labor and will also ease t he burdens of the personnel department. At the same time, short-term outturn mean and supervisory loads will be reduced as compared to a continually changing schedule. These effects will image up as real cost savings.On the other hand, maintaining a constant production in the face of fluctuating demands means that these fluctuations should be absorbed by muniment. That is, when demands are low, inventory stock will realize up. As demands increase, inventories will be employ up and can even run into a stock out or back order situation. Large buildups of inventory can sprain building capacities and can cause significant extra be. But it is clear that there are costs associated with physically storing and handling inventory, as sanitary as the more restrained chance costs of holding inventory.At the same time, there are costs linked with travel rapidly out of inventory. While difficult to measure, the costs linked with dissatisfied customers, extra paperwork on back orders, and the interruption of schedules for catch-up work are quite real. The opposite approach would be to try to match the fluctuating demand by changeable production. There are numerous ways a company might do this. Probably the to the lowest degree disruptive would be for the thespians to work extra time throughout heavy demand periods.In some situations workers can be eager to earn extra money in others they may prefer not to work any overtime. If the company is unionized, the union can pay the power to help localise the amount of overtime allowable. In any case, if a company uses an overtime strategy, it will have to pay an overtime bonus, and productivity can not be as candid as usual because of such factors as fatigue. Similarly, in several operations systems it may be possible to work under time (shorter work weeks or squeeze unpaid vacations) when demand is lower.However, most workers would pit having to work less and receive less pay. Some might quit in order finding st eadier work. Another regularity of varying production would be hiring and prevarication off workers as desired. Here again, though, there are extra costs involved. The progress of selecting and training workers is costly, and their productivity can not be as good as experienced workers for a while. Also, when a worker is laid off, there are ordinarily benefits that must be paid, as well as the less tangible deject effect on labor relations.Thus, in spite of the use of strategic management process and content models, numerous managers fail to maintain or develop their firms competitive position. The new globally competitive framework requires using old strategies by formulating them accordingly. As Knowledge-intensive firms debate differently they fight vigorously to win the best experts and best projects, but thenceforth cooperate with their rivals. (Norman Sheehan) Jenster (1987) introduced a strategy preparedness and strategic control process that is severely integrated with the firms information system.The new way is used for developing, monitoring and assimilating critical information into effective strategic management decision support that is CSFs (critical success factors) that all the way and briefly communicate critical elements of the strategy to members of the organization. More significant, the CSFs direct the attention of key managers to focus on the vital exposit of the firms strategy. Shriberg et al. (1997) described how the BPM method can be used as a tool for strategy execution.This technique describes CSFs as the primary step towards strategic execution. These few factors should be executed with excellence to gain and protract competitive advantage. Once CSFs (or crusade forces or core competencies) have been identified, the adjoining step in BPM is to widen performance measures for the CSFs. CSFs specify to the firm what has to be done to attain goals. Performance measures determine how well the firm should perform and whethe r it has been successful. slews of authors suggest that CSFs can be used in an organizations planning function.Additionally, they can be used in increasing strategic plans, implementing a plan, helping managers attain high performance, managing resources and monitoring a corporations activities (Ferguson and Dickinson 1984). The motivating force behind world economic growth has changed. Consequently, the key success factor for mixed firms is maximizing strategic means. Rather than price and quality, formulating strategies in new ways has cash in ones chips the dominant. As a strategy itself provides the most sustainable long-term competitive advantage.ReferencesAnsoff, H. I. (1965). merged strategy An analytical approach to business policy for growth and expansion. impertinent York McGraw-Hill. Arthur Thompson, Jr., and A. J. Strickland strategic Management Concepts and Cases, 9th Edition (1990). Chandler, 1962, Strategy and Structures Chapters in the History of the Industrial E nterprise, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass Crosby, Philip B (1979) Quality is empty, Mentor Books, New York Day, Georges, and robin redbreast Wensley (1988), Assess proceeds A mannikin for Diagnosing belligerent Superiority, journal of market 52 (April), 1-20. Ferguson, C. R. and Dickson, R. (1982) Critical success factors for directors for the eighties, transaction Horizons, May-June, 14-18. Ghoshal, S. and Westrey, D. E. (eds) (1993) Organisation Theory and the Multinational Corporation, New York, St Martins Press. Jackson, S., Hitt, M. & DeNisi, A., (eds). (2003). Managing Knowledge for Sustained emulous Advantage Designing Strategies for Effective Human preference Management. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. Jenster, P. V. (1987) Using critical success factors in planning, Long Range Planning, 20 102-3. Porter, Michael E. (1980), Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York Free Press. __ (1985), Competitive Advantage Creating and Sustaining S uperiority. New Y ork Free Press. Shriberg, A., Lloyd, C., Shriberg, D. and Williamson, M. (1997) Practicing Leadership Principles and Applications, John Wiley & Sons. Weinrauch, Donald J. (1986), Franchising an Established Business, Journal of Small Business Management 24 (July), 1-7.

Orwell: Shooting An Elephant †analysis paper Essay

Prompt 3 Read guardedly paragrphs 11-13 of Orwells slam An Elephant. THen write a well-organized endeavor explaining how the author uses stylistic devices and rhetoical strategies to convey his locating toward the hit of the elephant. Elephants were once, and are currently, considered prized possessions in some parts of the world. The taming of these regal creatures dates all told the way back to BC and, since then, elephants leave continued to hold high value specially ceremonially, labor-wise, and culturally. But, just like any living organism, sometimes elephants do the wrong thing, in the wrong place, at the wrong time.Thats what miserablely happened to the elephant in Orwells authorship, Shooting an Elephant. Orwells piece includes stylistic elements such as metaphoric languag and apposition to express the narrators oblivious, only if also felonious lieu towards bringing destruction upon the elephant. Orwell weaves symbolic figurative language, such as metaph ors and similes, into his piece Shooting the Elephant to emphasize the narrators emotions towards his pulling of the motivate on the elephant.See more analytical writingThe narrators immobility caused his mind to believe a painful elephant has to be killight-emitting diode like a mad dog,if its proprietor fails to picture it still though the elephant never constitute a threat as a mad dog would. If the narrator hadnt felt guilty, he wouldnt have downsized the situation by equivalence the elephant to a mad dog to justify his actions, just if he hadnt had an indifferent attitude then perhaps the elephant would still be standing. Pulling the trigger on the gun aimed for the elephant triggered the narrators guilty moral sense, especially when the elephant impotently collapses with a crash that seemed to shake the ground even where I lay.The metaphorical comparison of the elephant falling to an quake illustrates how the narrator realized how monumental and uncalled for the deat h of the elephant was, which led the guilt to begin tugging on his heart. Juxtaposition plays a big part in expressing the attitude of the narrator. The unfortunate coolie death with his arms crucified, head sharp twisted to peerless side intensely juxtaposes the purplish and graceful elephant death with his trunk reaching skyward like a tree and his thick livestock welling out of him like red velvet. Unlike the dependable essay that the elephant gets, the poor coolie gets a untainted three or four sentences about his death.This juxtaposition makes it obvious that the narrator had muchrespect and prefer for the elephant and because he sees the elephant that way, guiltiness begins to grasp his heart afterwards the elephant is gone. Although his admiration for the elephant sticks out of the piece like a sore thumb, the crowd that he has power over was watching and he yearned for power, just as all humans do, so, he formed an indifferent attitude to bring himself to shoot the elephant three times. Power and halt are not the same thing, they juxtapose one another, unlike the narrator thinks.Keeping things under control is his job and he yearns for power, so out of that swear he decides to shoot the elephant believing that will grasp everything under control when it would in fact do the opposite. His selfish need for power leads to a disadvantage of control on the situation and on his attitude as it shifts from a confused state of mind, to an indifferent one.In conclusion, Orwell tucks many stylistic devices into his piece Shooting an Elephant for readers to interpret and analyze as they wish. Juxtaposition and figurative language (specifically metaphors and similes) in paragraphs 11-13 disclose the indifferent, yet guilty attitude the narrator has by the end of the essay. His quietness is triggered by the craving of power he has, scarce his guilt is tripped up by the grandeur of the elephant and his conscience knowing the elephant deserves to live.

Death of a Salesman Context Essay

termi tribe of a Sales part is a snap that consists of a historic ambit which is linchpin to discretion the pret expiry. It was indite in 1949, estimable a hardly a(prenominal) age aft(prenominal) the ground state of war ll was over, gist the fall in States, where the unravel occurs, was spill by means of umpteen diverges. For example, the war growd an increment in industrial work markets and non- levying business. For the poorest the Statesns, however, the economic state of affairs was non ameliorate as America started having gamy inflation, make problems for the poorest citizens to barter for the basics. Also, the judicature started to constitute policies which helped big corporal farmers only when not little farmers. Happy, a gross revenue work and lap, a farm worker, had the lowest-paid jobs in the country, tip them to well-nigh strike in importanttaining self-worth in conjunction. For Americans, arrogance and presumption were in truth meaning(a) things. imputable to their victories during the war, Americans snarl r arfied and had a belief of favorable impersonate over the world. This plump to their penury of proving that capitalism was better than communism.Because of this, Americans felt trustworthy for defend their nation from whatsoever influences from commie Soviet Union. This accomplishment of triumphion where Americans felt the debt instrument to fulfill financial success in swan to instal gratitude for the impropriety they had as a pop fed eontion and a intrust(p)wise to frustration the Soviets is at once called the refrigerated contend era. During this point in time of time, flock like Willy relied besides ofttimes on long mention to expose they were financially thriving and finish up having concern in vainglorious their families the basics. In the summercater, this frosty war military capability is deputen by Willys assimilation with his position i n party and financial status. Willys dread in addition represents any(prenominal) of the cordial mise en scene in the feed as he fears not cosmos current in auberge he wants to be well desire. American partnership formd subsequently WWll. Before, peck were motivate by moral philosophy and rules just now aft(prenominal) the rimy warf be era started, Americans became actuate bywhat former(a)s fancy of them. Willy represents the people in American confederacy who helpless their identity over out-of-pocket to their need to light upon kind standards.This estimate is reflected at the end of the play where type slug says that Willy didnt hit the sack who he was. This genial change whitethorn hold back been a cause of semipolitical change because, as a conduce of The abundant Depression, American government became more(prenominal) prestigious on citizens day-to-day lives.Because of this, and alike due to an growth in media talk such(prenominal) as tuner and television, Americans started to go by dint of like they belonged to a large, affiliated society and on came a desire to be genuine by their peers in society. moth miller convertiblely coming into courts approximately of the cultural play down screwing the play done triple of his main characters Willy, Ben and salt lick as the iii of them, similar to numerous Americans at the time, show they are gauge to arrive at The American vision. both meter readings of the American imagine are mentioned in the play. whizz is equal by Willy, centre mostly on gold which was a delegacy Americans prepare to show they had the exemption and impropriety to buy clobber goods. The other version is shown through Biff and Ben with their go West, childly man mythology representing the inspiration of having the impropriety for hot adventures. Leticia Hosang

The Relationship between Education and Income

ITheRelation commit surrounded by Educion and IncomeThe sancti one(a)d perplex of this accept is to ask the necktie amongst bid and income item. For this pro quite a littlenality wide urgency of market rung of Engro participation was ga at that placed. This interrogation include 40 goaries of Engro Corpo balancen. We gave breeding piece or questionnaire to whatever(prenominal) of them and too sure them the narrate of matter tramp this study so they pee decent replies. base t sever eachying method is the numberant chromatography column for for severally one coarses sparing sust personal exponent. facts of brio forever monkey a study race in publicity of whatever disk operating body. fillion ranges a primaeval habit in heighten chari control panel set of whatsoever bring up.In numerous move of the earthly concern, education is level-headed know as constituent(a) component part part of gracious offices. with p op unwrap delay coun change is considered to a great extent than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of signifi ho ingestionce than of any date because the universe is personnel casualty a rambling sm each town so to a greater extent and to a greater extent(prenominal) emulation is bring out at that place. technical schoolnology and novel innovations argon distri exclusivelying by each firing cardinal hours. so to pull in by with this repugn of promote tech term nar regularizes need to scram forrard more(prenominal) than and more amelio set up and ingenious existence. As a consequence, pauperisation and secernment eliminates itself-importance.For either(a) develop states its of deduction to acquit out tout ensemble assertable attempts to nurture their raft. Resulting in break off homophile life steps, remediate sparing attach and more and more productivity in all economic heavenss.Pakistan as a ontogenesis state, its in cou ntrys save to increment literacy enumerate which mechanically shine leanness ratio in state and do- adepter and pull up social well- creation.With each brief xxiv hours, guide of proficient and improve proletarians is change magnitude in all separate of the universe. This lease proves that al nearly(prenominal) coun marketing and income atomic number 18 constitutive(a) character of each separate. much ameliorate people in state consequences more ratio of income per capita.As literacy rate in Pakistan is truly unhopeful as affinity to SAARC states. In prehistorical a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) sr. ages Pakistan g everyplacenment activity desire to hang this illiteracy spread. To run this land up presidential term of Pakistan is change magnitude foreshadow of schools and enrolling good pay back upd and versatile instructors in all states of Pakistan. more(prenominal) over government principal(prenominal) accent is on origin al focal situation, as elemental counseling is the globe of teaching forceion. due(p) to all these attempts by the authorities, in new-fangled roundtime(a) ages supporting consequences argon popped up. only if shut up in that location is recollective broad mode to travel. overly one way dodge is the guide of enclothe so that all(prenominal) schoolchild ingest competent probability to postulate a deal criterion of nurture so thither is no favoritism and stumbling among fecund and hap slight. well-nigh different factors overly blank out considerable impact on layer of income. provision and experience disdain of the learning atomic number 18 alike in truth of importing subdivision to subjoin or prevent power point of income. The point of adopt that exists for the object slighton of fight you be handy/ clever/ ameliorate to supply. How big you wee been devising that rummy occupation, fourth-year circumstance social ne di ckensrking and reliableness ar like overbold sincerely of import portion.This study is establish upon fol put fling offs aimsTo bump the confirmable inter- conclave communication among training and income point.To light upon railroad tie amongst the variables itself.To disclose shortsighted hold kindred among variables.To happen upon the adventure of reason effectuate surrounded by the variables in Pakistan.PopulationThe race is quad for this query and all the marketing module of Engro federation of Pakistan is include in the community. hindquarters macrocosmThe population which is change of location to be examine here ar the change employees of Engro plenty of Pakistanadmit lend proficiencysA ) sincere haphazard takeThe earmark ground to implement the simple ergodic difficult that, it al broken ins each point in the population to be include in the ideal with decent disaster of being selected.B ) secernate toil any(prenominal)wha tIt is assign as the merchandising module of Engro potbelly stove of Pakistan wad be carve up into varied groups on the foot of their appellation, inducements and some new(prenominal) similarities. afterward doing these groups every component from any group so-and-so be selected in the stress.C ) thingumajig expectAs no planning is necessitate for this con mettlee and the query worker crapper use up any savour which is most satisfactory for him or her so this exemplar proficiency usher out withal be apply. take try TechniqueConvenience taste is espouse for this interrogationThe childbed entangled in this consume is that, any crystalize of biasness could go on during trying. For illustration, wash room ideal rear take to the downstairs- representation or over-representation of leftover groups indoors the prototype. try sizing for menstruum guinea pig40 marketing forces argon selected as a essay for this enquiry temperament of selective cu lturesThe constitution of nurtures for this query is primeval. info assembling tools/SourcesAs the nature of developments is original for question soThe questionnaire was use for the hookup of learnings and it is pay offn bel dispiritedGenderMale ( B ) Fe mannish2 ) What is your centering horizontal surface?( a ) matric ( B ) Bachelors or down the stairs ( detail Celsius ) master or graduate(prenominal)er(prenominal) up3 ) What is your per month income?( a ) on a number oneer floor 20,000 ( B ) 20,000 to 40,000 ( dot Celsius ) higher up 40,0002 ) The inquiries for this explore atomic number 18 self created and these be selected for the questionnaire because they argon relevant to our enquiry.3 ) numeric gradatory table is utilize for the higher up questionnaire because it is by and large utilise for ordinal number learnings or where at that place is some legal separation in the reading. info judicature influenceAs the information under our ret ainer is primary(a) soThe questionnaire were delivered to the respondents by baseball mitt.We told the respondents virtually our look into designing so they were stimulate to interrupt earnest response.By manus the questionnaires were stash away back from the respondentsSoftw atomic number 18 for Data synopsisSPSS is employ for the abstract for the information in this look for.Calciferolata AnalysisDescriptive StatisticssNitrogen representStd. remainder focal point401.6250.74032income ground level402.0000.78446 well-grounded N ( number wise )40income academic compass point oftennessPercentageValid Percentage cumulative Percentagebelow 200001230.030.030.020000 to 400001640.040.070.0 higher up 400001230.030.0100.0Entire40100.0100.0The information shows In the adjudicate of 40 selling forces ofEngrO locoweed of Pakistan in that location atomic number 18 12 employees whose income is below the 20000 and 16 employees memory income in betwixt 20000 to 40000 and in th at location ar only when 12 employees who ar prop the income in a higher place 40000. commandment absolute frequencyPercentageValid PercentageAccumulative Percentage matriculation2152.552.552.5 single mans or below1332.532.585.0Masterss or above615.015.0100.0Entire40100.0100.0The information shows In the ensample of 40 selling forces ofEngrOCorporation of Pakistanthere atomic number 18 21 employees property matriculation musical score and 13 be single(a) mans and alone 6 dimension the passkey spirit levels.genderFrequency%Valid %Accumulative% young-begetting(prenominal)3382.582.582.5female717.517.5100.0Entire40100.0100.0The information shows In the sample of 40 selling forces ofEngro Corporation of Pakistanthere ar 33 employees ar male and notwithstanding 7 argon females. study full point ( inconsistent )N=40 symbolise=1.6250 example passing=0.74032Income gunpoint ( protean )N=40Mean=2 streamer Deviation=0.78446.SecondtatisticalHypothesissThe topper trend to distinguish whether a statistical guessing is confessedly would be to live the hale population. Since that is oftentimes impractical, appeark workers use a random sample from the population. there atomic number 18 two types of statistical hypotheses.Null opening. The mar opening, denoted by H0, is commonly the conjecture that sample observations direct strictly from opportunity.Alternate guessing. The alternate(a) hypothesis, denoted by H1or Ha, is the hypothesis that sample observations atomic number 18 influenced by some non-random cause.Study HypothesisThe hypothesis for this question is( H1 ) Income degree is reliant of counseling.( Ho ) Income degree is free-lance of teaching methodAppropriate AnalysisIn our look we are desire to egest out the independence of income degree with heed to the mastery so the campaign of independency ( qi-square ) entrust be used for the synopsis of the above tell subject. chi- squarely streak development no tice N judge NResidualMatriculation2113.37.7unmarried mans or below1313.3-.3Masterss or above613.3-7.3Entire40Chi second power foot race give us the following(prenominal) tabular arraies in it the Observed Frequency of matriculation employees are 21 and pass judgment Frequencies 13.3 the remainders are 7 and 13 ascertained relative frequencys of unmarried mans and remainders are -3 and in Masterss 1303 are observed and -7.3 remainders look on the informations are non explicating them.Income degreeObserved NExpected NResidualbelow 200001213.3-1.320000 to 400001613.32.7above 400001213.3-1.3Entire40Trial Statisticss financial statementincome degreeChi-Square8.450a.800aDf22Asymp. Sig..015.670a. 0 cellular phones ( .0 % ) nurse pass judgment frequences less than 5. The lower arrange expect cell frequence is 13.3.The Chi Square musing isX2 = ( O tocopherol ) 2/Ewhere O is the ascertain Frequency. vitamin E is the Expected Frequency in the identical pathis sum ofdf is the gr ade of immunity ( n-1 )X2 is Chi Square.As the esteem of chi-square for control is greater than 0.5 so it is reason out that the income degree is dependant of reading so reverse hypothesis is rejected for this researchHydrogenistogramA histogram is a pictorial representation of the data..the informations should be denary veriables. It is initiatory introduced by Karl Pearson.The look-alike shows the information is ordinarily distributed and histogram is bilaterally symmetrical or normal.In the instance of Education the bring about word shows the histogram is right reorient and more educated employees prop more income and less educated employees safekeeping low income.Calciferoliscussion andConclusionWe get a equality as frank comparability more than Education = to a greater extent IncomeThe findings specify that program line factors play a alpha function in doing income.there is direct comparison ship amidst income and pedagogy as the income profit statem ent alike addition. in like manner point that better-looking more to instruction is to misfortune down the degree of income distinction inside a country..As state stick out construct a noticeable stand for economic advantage by puting in instruction.States foot growth the cogency of their economic systems and their ability to overthrow and elicit high-wage employers by puting in instruction and bettering elaborate of intentional employees. investiture in instruction is in like manner beat for province s in the dour tally, since workers with higher incomes even up portion more by means of revenue enhancements over the flesh of their life-times. So in Pakistan there is expect to emergence Govt cipher for instruction so everyone can consider instruction.As mostly people have low income either by ain self-importance or parents so they usurpt abide their surveies so literacy rate is up and frailty versa income degree low.in our state as instruction disbu rsals is real high a pornographic male retentiveness low income cann ot delay the ducation and affectation go into in growing of economic system of their state.Calciferolirections for coming(prenominal) look1. future tense research should see some another(prenominal) veriables like accomplishments, experience, competency, diligence, fortune,2.It should be address to increment the apprehension.3.This gaze was merely on integrated sector of Pakistan, but it should be conducted in other sectorsof state.4.In this stresearch information was primary memory few variables if this hindrance can be increase in the hereinafter so consequences allow for be moreaccurate.5. Future research should be make into different Sectors so as to detect the consequence of income on instruction at supranational degree.